How does evolution relate to ethics? Can ethics be derived from evolutionary theory? Are creationists correct that evolving from animals means we must behave like animals? There has been much written on this topic. I think fears of the ethical implications of evolution underlie opposition to evolution more than anything else. In general, I think creationists are wrong. I don't' think we can derive much in the way of ethics from evolution, although the view of human nature derived from evolution should inform our ethical thinking. I do not want to get into a detailed discussion of evolution and ethics here. I would just like to bring up one point. This has recently occurred to me, and I am not sure if I have seen it discussed before.
Evolution occurs at the level of the gene. It is genes whose frequency increases during selection. A gene might be favored by selection, even if it is not in the best interests of the individual. The gene might favor the kin group, or it might be selfish and favor itself. However, my self interest is obviously at the level of the individual, of me. Therefore, my self interests and evolution conflict. Evolution is looking out for my genes, not for me. Therefore, any suggestion that I should somehow behave in a way to favor evolution cannot be supported (there are also many other reasons besides this).
This fundamental conflict between the levels at which evolution and ethics act shows that we cannot develop an ethics based on evolution. It even suggests that we must be careful in extrapolating from a gene for a behavior to the ethics of the behavior. The gene might exist for reasons entirely against our interests.
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Surely our genes can't carry enough information to ordain every instant of our conscious and unconscious activities. So most of the time we can only choose what seems best at the moment, and we must let evolution look after itself. We have no way of knowing what evolution thinks is "good" or "bad," and so we should not try to act in accordance with its wishes. It probably doesn't have any.
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